Esboniad termau |
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Explanation of terms |
Ar y tudalen hwn... |
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On this page... |
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Dulliau mesur Imperialaidd |
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Imperial measurements |
Nid yw pawb heddiw yn cyfarwydd â manylion yr hen ddulliau mesur imperialaidd, a ddefnyddiwyd yng Nghymru cyn dyfodiad y system fetrig. Felly dyma grynodeb o'r prif unedau mesur.
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Not everyone is familiar today with the old imperial system of measurement, used in Wales before the arrival of the metric system. So here is a summary of the main units of measurement. |
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Hyd
1 modfedd = 2.54 centimedr
12 modfedd = 1 troedfedd = 30.48cm
3 troedfedd = 1 llathen = 91.44cm
5.5 llathen = 1 stang = 5.029 medr
22 llathen = 1 cadwynfedd = 20.08 m.
220 llathen = 1 ystaden = 201.1 m.
8 ystaden = 1 milltir = 1.609 km
Arwynebedd
1 modfedd sgwâr = 6.45 sgw. cm.
144 modfedd sgw. = 1 troedfedd sgw. = 929 sgw.cm.
9 troedfedd sgw. = 1 llathen sgw. = 0.8361 sq. medr.
30.25 llathen sgw. = 1 perc = 25.29 sq.m.
40 perc = 1 rhwd = 1011.7 sq.m.
4 rhwd = 1 erw (= 4840 sgw. llathen) = .4047 hectare.
Gan amlaf, mae maint rhan o dir yn cael ei fesur mewn erwau, rhydau a pherciau.
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Length
1 inch = 2.54 centimetres
12 inches = 1 foot = 30.48cm
3 feet = 1 yard = 91.44cm
5.5 yards = 1 pole = 5.029 metres
22 yards = 1 chain = 20.08m
220 yards = 1 furlong = 201.1m
8 furlongs = 1 mile = 1.609 km
Area
1 square inch = 6.45 sq. cm.
144 sq. inches = 1 sq. foot = 929 sq.cm.
9 sq. feet = 1 sq. yard = 0.8361 sq. metres
30.25 sq. yards = 1 rod or perch = 25.29 sq.m.
40 rods or perches = 1 rood = 1011.7 sq.m.
4 roods = 1 acre (= 4840 sq. yards) = .4047 hectares.
Usually, areas of land are measured in Acres, Roods and Perches. |
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Yr 'hen' arian |
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The 'old' money. |
Defnyddiwyd sustem arianol gwahanol ym Mhrydain erbyn 1971. |
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Prior to 1971 Britain used a different monetary system. |
Y sustem bresennol
100 ceiniog (100c.) = 1 punt (£1)
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The present system
100 pennies (100p.) = 1 pound (£1) |
Yr hen sustem
12 ceiniog (12c.) = 1 swllt (1s. neu 1/-)
20 swllt = 1 punt (£1)
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The old system
12 pennies (12d.) = 1 shilling (1s. or 1/-)
20 shillings = 1 pound (£1) |
Roedd nifer o bisiau arian ar led ar adegau gwahanol:
ffyrlingen(¼c.)
dimau (½c.)
ceiniog (1c.)
darn tair [ceiniog] (3c.)
pisyn grôt (4c.)
darn chwecheiniog (6c.)
pisyn swllt (1s. neu 1/-)
dau swllt, deuswllt, fflorin (2s.)
hanner coron (5s.)
double florin (4s)
coron, doler (5s.)
sofren (£1)
gini (£1-1-0)
Fe gafodd sawl symiau ariannol enwau arbennig hefyd:
swllt a chwech, deunaw (18c.] (1/6)
chweugain [120c] (10s.)
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There were a number of coins in circulation at various times:
farthing (¼d.)
ha'penny (½d.)
penny (1d.)
thrupenny bit (3d.)
groat,slang joey (4d.)
sixpenny bit, tanner (6d.)
shilling, bob (1s. or 1/-)
florin (2s.)
half-crown (2/6)
double florin (4s.)
crown, slang dollar (5s.)
sovereign (£1)
guinea (£1-1-0). Also seven shilling piece (i.e. 1/3 of a guinea) and half-guinea (10/6)
Some sums of money had special names as well:
mark (13/4, i.e. 2/3 of a pound)[Mediaeval only]
quid (£1)
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Llongau |
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Boats |
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'Owns' (oz.) Roedd llongau yn cael eu rhannu mewn 64 o safbwynt perchnogaeth. Mae 'owns' yn 4 rhan, sef 1/16.
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'Ounce' (oz.) Ships were traditionally owned in 64ths, and one ounce is four 64ths, or one 16th. A bill of sale (1847) of the Aberystwyth-registered schooner Salathiel (54 tons, built Derwen-las, 1842) also available (NLW, Machynlleth Deeds, box 16) |
